The review concludes with some personal perspectives on the future work to be done in order to include electrospinning technique in the industrial development of biomedical materials. Different methods for incorporating active agents on nanofibers and controlling their release mechanisms are also reviewed. Then a description of how nanofiber based scaffolds offer great promise in the regener-ation or function restoration of damaged or diseased bones, muscles or nervous tissue is reported. It reviews the different available electrospinning configurations, detailing how the different process variables and material types determine the obtained fibers characteristics. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of using an electrospinning mat for biomedical applications are discussed. This article presents an overview of this technique focusing on its application for tissue engineering. The diversity of electrospinnable materials, and the unique features associated with electro-spun fibers make this technique and its resultant structures attractive for applications in the biomedical field. In addition, the various applications of electrospun fibers in electronic devices, environmental sensors and filters, energy storage, and in biomedicine such as in tissue engineering, drug delivery and enzyme encapsulation are examined and the current research in each field is also explored in this review.Įlectrospinning is a versatile technique for generating a mat of continuous fibers with diameters from a few nanometers to several micrometers. By simple modifications to the electric field inside the electrospinning chamber the fiber collection can be easily controlled. This review summarizes the effect of various processing parameters on the effective generation of nanofibers. The relatively high production rate and simplicity of the setup makes electrospinning highly attractive. The production of the fibers and the morphology can be easily controlled by modifications to the processing parameters. The nano materials generated using this technology have a large surface area and are highly porous making it very useful in many applications in diverse fields such as energy storage, healthcare, biotechnology, environmental engineering, defense and security. Mice treated with 3D scaffold+L02 cells had longer survival time compared with those in control and scaffold only (P<0.05).ģD scaffold has the potential of recreating liver tissue and partial liver functions and can be used in the reconstruction of liver tissues.Electrospinning is the most versatile technology in use today, for the generation of polymer nano-scale fibers. HE staining showed clear liver tissue and immunohistochemistry of cKit and CK18 were positive in the engrafted tissue. The levels of ALT, AST, albumin, total bilirubin, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, a-GST and UGT-2 were significantly improved in mice engrafted with 3D scaffold loaded with L02 compared with those in control and scaffold only (P<0.05). The survival time of the mice was also compared among the four groups.ģD hydrogel scaffolds did not impact the viability of cells. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry of cKit and cytokeratin 18 (CK18) of engrafted tissues were evaluated. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, total bilirubin, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, glutathione S-transferase (a-GST), and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT-2) were compared among the groups. The engrafted tissues were examined after two weeks. Cells were cultured and deposited in scaffolds which were subsequently engrafted into livers after partial hepatectomy and radiation-induced liver damage (RILD). Sixty nude mice were randomly divided into four groups, with 15 mice in each group: control, hydrogel, hydrogel with L02 (cell line HL-7702), and hydrogel with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The biocompatibility of 3D hydrogel scaffolds was tested. We fabricated 3D hydrogel scaffolds with a bioprinter. The present study was to test the feasibility of 3D hydrogel scaffolds for liver engineering. 3D printing technique meets this purpose. In the present study, the layer-by-layer and hybrid nanofiber scaffold are fabricated by electrospinning method using a combination of PCL/PVP and PVA/-TCP layers. Because of an increasing discrepancy between the number of potential liver graft recipients and the number of organs available, scientists are trying to create artificial liver to mimic normal liver function and therefore, to support the patient's liver when in dysfunction. As an interdisciplinary field, tissue engineering applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function or a whole organ 13.
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